怎样写一篇作文？（17）
各位晚上好，这里是写作专栏的第十七期，关于专栏的介绍可见怎样写一篇作文？
刚开始接触英文写作的人有时候会发现，有些题目即使用中文也写不好（比如一些GRE写作话题）。很多人经常抱怨自己英文写作不好，但一个残酷的事实是，他们的中文写作往往也好不到哪里去，只不过自己没有意识到而已。如果你发现自己写的英文逻辑混乱，不妨回去审视自己写的中文，很大情况下你会发现它们同样乏善可陈。作为一名外语学习者，我们外语写作能力的上限其实是由母语能力决定的。英文写作提升的前提是相对靠谱的中文写作能力。
这种写作能力与所谓的文采并没有多大联系，真正决定写作能力的是逻辑思维，即在写作的时候能否将自己的思想清晰而有逻辑地表达出来。做到这一点离不开两个看起来很土的方法：多读多写。多读是指多读优秀的作品，但从目前大多数人的阅读习惯来看，他们每天读的东西恐怕都局限在社交网络上的自媒体文章和新闻上。社交网络上当然有非常优秀的作品，但不可否认的一点是也有很大一部分文章逻辑混乱、质量堪忧。为了提升逻辑思维能力，你需要的不是社交媒体上快餐式的阅读，而是需要沉下心去钻研经典作品，比如优秀的非虚构类书籍。这些作品能增加你的知识储备，并启发你进行有深度的思考。
除了多读，还要学会多写。如果想不到可以写的主题，可以从写读书笔记开始。尝试去提取一本书的主要观点和事实，用自己的话重新表述出来，并加入自己的思考，这样可以有效锻炼表达能力和思维能力。后面熟练了再尝试其他类型的写作。坚持练习下去，你的写作能力肯定能得到提升。
今天要分析的作文题目是：
Universities and colleges are increasingly offering distance learning qualifications over the internet. Is this development a positive one?
这是原始作文版本：
习作/Celesta
Standing at the early stages of the twenty-first century, we must have noticed that a lot of distance-learning platforms such as Coursera and iTunes U have been created for people all over the world to take online courses. Distance learning is becoming more and more popular and it is really a positive development in education for all.
The best advantage of distance learning is that people can learn with their computers anytime anywhere. It saves them time and money, as they do not have to travel a long way to the classroom and most of these courses are free of charge. And distance learning means even more when it comes to people who are socially disadvantaged. Lots of people from a deprived environment cannot afford college tuition, not to mention the poor education resources there. However, distance learning offers them the opportunity to get educated, so they can be qualified and equipped to find a job and support their family. It helps improve educational equality. Teachers of those charged courses can benefit from distance learning, in addition to money. They can save their energy to do other things and still get paid while they do not need to repeat the same content of the course over and over again as they used to do.
Some people argue that online education is not so instructive as attending class at a real school because they cannot make contact with the teachers. And if they have questions about what they have learned, no one could answer them. From my point of view, this problem brought about by distance learning is negligible compared to the benefits of it. Besides, they can seek answers from other people around them or on the Internet.
Overall, after weighing up the pros and cons of distance learning, I think it is a great development in modern education and everyone should support it.
这是点评版本：
Standing at the early stages of the twenty-first century, we must have noticed that a lot of A large number of distance-learning platforms such as Coursera and iTunes U have been created for people all over the world to take online courses. Distance learning is becoming more and more popular, and it is really a positive development in education for all.
The best main advantage of distance learning is that people can learn with on their computers anytime anywhere. It saves them time and money, as they do not have to travel a long way to the classroom,and most of these courses are free of charge. And distance learning means even more when it comes to for people who are socially disadvantaged. Lots of Many people from a deprived environment background cannot afford college tuition, not to mention the poor educationresources there. However, distance learning offers them the opportunity to get educated, so they can be qualified and equipped to find a job and support their families. It also helps to improve educational equality the quality of education. Teachers of those charged courses can benefit from distance learning, in addition to money. They can save their energy to do other things and still get paid while they do not need to repeat the same content of the course over and over again as they used to do. They do not have to repeat the same content of the course over and over again as they used to. This saves them time and energy, and they can do other things while still getting paid.
Some people argue that online education is not so as instructive as attending class at a real school becausethey students cannot make contact with their teachers. And if they have questions about what they have learned, no one could answer them. From my point of view, this problem brought about by distance learning is negligible compared to the benefits of it. Besides, they can seek answers from other people around them or on the Internet.
Overall, after weighing up the pros and cons of distance learning, I think it is a great development in modern education, and everyone should support it.
思路分析：
Universities and colleges are increasingly offering distance learning qualifications over the internet. Is this development a positive one?
目前越来越多的大学开始提供在线教育课程以及相应的证书，这一趋势将会对高等教育体系产生深远影响。在线教育的好处有：
（1）价格便宜。不少全球顶级院校都提供了在线教育课程，这些课程大部分是免费的，或者只收很少的费用，这让贫困学生也有机会接受全世界最好的大学教育。而且一些在线教育平台（比如Coursera）还提供了证书认证服务，这些证书正在被越来越多的雇主认可，这有助于上不起大学的年轻人获得好的教育，并找到好工作。
（2）在线教育还能提升传统大学的教育质量。大学生通过在线教育平台能够轻松接触到全球最优质的课程，这会让他们越来越难以忍受传统大学糟糕的教学质量。这种竞争压力会在一定程度上促使传统大学提升教学水平。
（3）在线教育还能够帮助那些已经参加工作的人进行自我提升。职场人士时间往往较为紧张，不太可能参与传统课堂形式的学习。在线教育在时间和地点上比较灵活，能够让他们也有机会去学习自己感兴趣的知识和技能。
在线教育的缺点有：
（1）完成在线教育课程需要有强大的驱动力和自制力，这一点很多人难以做到，这也导致在线教育课程的辍学率一直居高不下。
（2）在线教育课程往往缺乏互动和反馈，这会阻碍学生的学习热情以及影响学习效果。
实际写作时认为在线教育是积极发展或者消极发展都可以。下面是我写的一个版本：
习作/魏剑峰
The rising popularity of online education in recent years has triggered debate about the impact it may have. In my view, distance learning has the potential to change the world for the better and should therefore be welcomed as a positive development.
One of the benefits of distance learning is its contribution to social mobility. Top institutions today often charge high tuition fees, a sum that can put off students from disadvantaged backgrounds. By contrast, online courses offer the poor the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. Moreover, as distance learning qualifications are gradually being recognized by employers the world over, poor students who attend online courses have the opportunity to land a good job and break the cycle of poverty.
Another benefit of distance learning is that it helps to push up teaching standards. A large number of online courses are taught by the world’s leading academics, and the easy access to these courses makes students less willing to put up with dull and uninspiring lectures in traditional universities. As a consequence, teaching standards will be forced up, and students will benefit. Online education also enables those who have a hectic schedule to improve themselves. The flexibility of distance learning means that people are able to learn at their own pace and without the constraint of time and space, making it possible for them to make progress outside office hours.
Admittedly, distance learning is not without disadvantages. Participants in online courses are easily distracted by computer games, music or social media, and there is a lack of interaction in most courses. However, as technology advances, it is hard to imagine this situation will last for long.
Overall, distance learning is beneficial in that it improves social mobility, drives up teaching standards and helps people with their self-improvement. It is therefore an exciting development, the effects of which will be felt far and wide.
本专栏下期要分析的作文题目是：
Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?
感兴趣的同学可以先思考如何写，然后对照下期的思路分析。建议有空的同学自己动笔写一篇。
本作文专栏长期接受读者投稿，感兴趣的同学可以将习作发到我的邮箱 jianfengscut@163.com，部分习作有机会得到点评。
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